Anemia, hemostasis disorders, and blood group incompatibilities remain major challenges in hematology and transfusion medicine. Recent advances have clarified the molecular regulation of iron metabolism—particularly the roles of hepcidin and erythroferrone—improving the diagnosis and classification of anemias. Understanding of hemostasis has also evolved, emphasizing the interaction between coagulation factors, platelets, and the endothelium in thrombus formation. Meanwhile, molecular immunohematology has expanded knowledge of ABO and Rh systems, revealing clinically significant antigen variants that influence transfusion safety. These developments support a shift from traditional serologic typing to genotype-based matching, reducing immunologic risks. Integrating findings from anemia research, hemostasis, and blood group genetics enables more precise diagnostics and enhances the safety and effectiveness of modern transfusion practices. [1]

Anemia, Hemostasis, Blood groups, ABO system

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