This article is dedicated to contributions of Central Asian scholars to the development of islamic sciences, including Muhammad ibn Ahmad Abu Bakr Sarakhsi’s legacy in international law doctrine. Author gives an authoritative statement that Central Asia, namely Uzbekistan, is, apparently, the homeland of International Law thanks to works of formidable scholar Muhammad ibn Ahmad Sarakhsi, so-called as “Hugo Grotius of the Muslims”. According to him, by interpreting Arabic scholar Muhammad Shaybani’s book “Kitab al-Siyar al-Kabir”, Sarakhsi was first to set forth the “Siyar” – “International Law” as an autonomous and legitimate discipline within the framework of law.

Author firmly maintains that Sarakhsi was a leading scientific authority who was credited by all islamic scholars as being one of the greatest scholars of Islamic jurisprudence of his time. According to author’s preliminary research results, he was one of the real founder-fathers of international law.

Islamic international law, doctrine of international law, treaties

Encyclopedia of Central Asian scholar. Abdullah Abdulhamid Saad. Edited by Prof. Z.I.Munavvarov. Toshkent, Publishing House of the Republican Scientific-Educational Center of Al-Imam Al-Bukhari, 2008. 468 pp (in English and Arabic).

Roscoe Pound, in his five volume work on jurisprudence, quotes from Hamilton`s translation of the Hidoyah and says that this is the beginning of the case study method of studing Law. Al-Hidayah: The Guidance. Burhan al-Din al-Farghani al-Marghinani. A Translation of Al-Hidayah Bidayat al-Mubtadi`. A Classical Manual of Hanafi Law: II Volume. Translated from the Arabic with Introduction, Commentary and Notes by Imran Ahsan Khan Nyazee. Amal Press, Bristol, England, 2006. – 660 pp. Introduction xxv.

Kassim, Husain. Sarakhsi –Hugo Grotius of the Muslims: The Concept of Treaties and Mutual Relations and the Doctrine of Juristic Preference in Islamic Jurisprudence. – USA, San Francisco: Austin & Winfield, 1994.

Sarakhsi. Kitab al-Mabsut. Cairo, 1324. Vol. X.

Le grand livre de la conduite de l’État (Kitāb al-Siyar al-kabīr ach-Chaibani). Commenté par as-Sarakhsi. Traduit par Muhammad Hamidullah, 4 vols. Ankara: Turkiye Diyanet Vakfi, 1989–1991. V.1. Chapitre (2).

Hamidullah, Muhammad. The emergence of Islam: lectures on the development of Islamic world-view, intellectual tradition and polity. 1st ed. – Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute in collaboration with Da'wah Academy, International Islamic University,1993. xiv, 286 p.

Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961. Done at Vienna on 18 April 1961. Entered into force on 24 April 1964. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 500, p. 95. See full text: https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_1_1961.pdf

Ṣaḥīh al-Bukhārī. The translation of the meanings of Ṣaḥīh al-Bukhārī, Arabic-English. Khān, Muḥammad Muḥsin. – Lahore: Kazi Publications, 1976. 9 v. Arabic-English.

Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols, and their Commentaries. International Committee of the Red Cross database: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/vwTreaties1949.xsp

Kitab al-Siyar al-Kabir. Vol. 5. – Р. 285; Le grand livre de la conduite de l’État (Kitāb al-Siyar al-kabīr ach-Chaibani). Commenté par as-Sarakhsi. Traduit par Muhammad Hamidullah, 4 vols. Ankara: Turkiye Diyanet Vakfi, 1989–1991. Vol.3. Chapitre (155) Des marchandises qu`il est licite aux Musulman de faire sortire. – P. 154-167.

For example: PhD thesis “The Jurisprudence of Sarakhsi with particular reference to war and peace: A Comparative Study in Islamic Law”. By Dr. Osman Taştan. University of Exeter, UK, 1993; Labeeb Ahmed Bsoul. International Treaties in Islam: Theory and Practice in the Light of Siyar (Islamic International Law). Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 2003: https://www.scribd.com/doc/29726588/International-Treaties-at-in-Islam-Theory-and-Practice-in-the-Light-of-Siyar-Islamic-International-Law; Hsu Shiu-Sian Angel. Dress in Islam: looking and touching in Hanafi Fiqh. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences. (Copyrights 2008, International Institute of Islamic Thought). Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations. Vol. 11, issue 4 (winter, 1994).

Kassim, Husain. Sarakhsi – Hugo Grotius of the Muslims: The Concept of Treaties and Mutual Relations and the Doctrine of Juristic Preference in Islamic Jurisprudence. – USA, San Francisco: Austin & Winfield, 1994. – 153 pp.; Sarakhsi: The Doctrine of Islamic Preference in Islamic Jurisprudence and the Concepts of Treaties and Mutual Relations. USA, San Francisco: Austin & Winfield, 1995. – 176 pp.

Khadduri, Majid. The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani’s Siyar. – Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1996; xviii, 311 pр.; War and peace in the law of Islam. Fifth edition. By Khadduri, Majid. – Clark, N.J.: The Lawbook Exchange, 2006; x, 321 p.; Islam and the Modern Law of Nations. American Journal of International Law. Vol. 50 (1956). – Р. 358-372.

Joseph Schacht. "Serahsi'nin Hayatı ve Eserlerı Hakkında Bazi Notlar", 900. Ölüm Yıldönümü Münasebetiyle Büyük İslam Hukukçusu Şemsu'l-Eimme es-Serahsi Armağanı (çev. M. Esad Kılıçer), Ankara, 1965 (Serahsi Armağanı) – 7-13 s.; Joseph Schacht. Das kitab al-hiyal fi’l-fiqh. Deutschland, Hannover: Lafaire, 1923. – 322 p.; Joseph Schacht. Der Islam (zeitschrift für geschichte und kultur des Islamischen orients). – Berlin: Walter de gruyter &co, 1933. –Band 21. – 286-291 p.; Joseph Schacht. The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford: Clarendon, 1950. – 412 p.; Joseph Schacht. Foreign Elements in Ancient Islamic Law // Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law. – Leiden: BRILL, 1950.

Christopher Melchert. The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E. Boston. Brill, 1997. xxviii, – 244p.; Jonathan Brown. Stoning and Hand Cutting – Understanding the Hudud and the Shariah in Islam. // yaqeeninstitute.org/jonathan-brown/stoningand-hand-cutting; Wael Hallaq. The formation of Islamic law (Aldershot, UK; Burlington, VT: Ashgate/Variorum, 2004) – 464 p.