Herbal drugs have been used for centuries in traditional medicine systems and continue to be popular today due to their perceived natural origins and potential therapeutic benefits. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies play a crucial role in understanding the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of herbal drugs. This review aims to explore the evolution of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic research in the field of herbal drugs and discuss future directions for advancing our understanding of their pharmacological properties. By examining the historical development, current methodologies, and emerging trends, this review provides insights into the past achievements and future prospects of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in herbal drugs. The findings of this review have implications for improving the quality and evidence-based use of herbal drugs in clinical practice.

This paper examines the regulations governing Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and their implications in the global intellectual property landscape. TRIPS is an international agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO), which sets minimum standards for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs) across member countries. The paper provides an overview of the key provisions and obligations outlined in TRIPS, including patent protection, copyright, trademarks, and enforcement measures. It explores the impact of TRIPS on various stakeholders, such as multinational corporations, developing countries, and access to essential medicines. The analysis highlights the challenges and controversies surrounding TRIPS and its role in balancing the interests of rights holders, technology transfer, innovation, and public welfare. Understanding the regulations of TRIPS is crucial for policymakers, businesses, and researchers operating in the global intellectual property landscape.

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections has necessitated the development of new therapeutic approaches. In this study, we focused on the design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluation of novel heterocyclic compounds as potential candidates for combatting bacterial infections. A diverse set of heterocyclic scaffolds were synthesized using efficient synthetic methodologies. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was assessed against a panel of clinically relevant bacterial strains, highlighting their potential as promising antimicrobial agents. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in discovering novel strategies for addressing antibiotic resistance and combating bacterial infections

This article is devoted to the early detection of psychopathological changes, the study of temperament and character accentuation, as well as the identification and study of anxiety-phobic disorders which are observed in taekwondo athletes through psycho diagnostic examinations.

This article presents a comprehensive review and analysis of global standards in vaccine management, with a specific focus on the context of vaccine manufacturing in Bangladesh. By examining the current scenario of vaccine production in Bangladesh, this study aims to identify strengths, challenges, and potential areas for improvement in order to enhance the country's vaccine manufacturing capabilities. The analysis of global standards highlights the importance of quality control measures, supply chain management, storage and distribution practices, cold chain systems, and post-marketing surveillance. The findings from this study contribute to the understanding of vaccine management practices and provide insights for optimizing vaccine manufacturing in Bangladesh.