INTRODUCTION

Concerns and observations have been expressed regarding the multifaceted nature of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections and their implications for public health, particularly considering recent epidemiological trends and evolving vaccination strategies. HPVs are small double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses approximately 8kb in length from the family Papillomaviridae1, long recognized as significant etiological agents for several sexually transmitted diseases, including genital warts. In recent years, however, its role in the pathogenesis of various malignancies, notably cervical and oropharyngeal cancers, has become increasingly evident. The virus primarily infects epithelial cells, residing on the mucosal surfaces—such as the rectum, sexual organs, and oral cavity—as well as on the skin, thereby establishing persistent infections that can culminate in neoplastic transformation¹.